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Research on the effects of pornography is concerned with multiple outcomes, including potential influences on sexual function and sexual dysfunction, difficulties with sexual relationships, domestic violence, rape and child sexual abuse. Viewers of novel and extreme pornographic images may become tolerant to such images, which may impact sexual response.〔 There is too little evidence to conclude that visual images and films can be addictive.〔http://www.hngn.com/articles/24567/20140217/porn-addiction-lie-researchers-scientific-evidence-proves.htm〕〔Tamsin McMahon (Will quitting porn improve your life? A growing ‘NoFap’ movement of young men are saying no to porn and masturbation ) Maclean's, January 20, 2014. Quote: "Kruger helped revise the sexual disorders section of the latest edition of the psychiatric bible, the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', which doesn’t include sex or porn addiction due to lack of academic evidence that they exist."〕 Several studies conclude the liberalization of porn in society may be associated with decreased rape and sexual violence rates, suggest no effect, or are inconclusive.〔(''Pornography, Sex Crime, and Public Policy'' ) by Berl Kutchinsky.〕〔(''Pornography and Sexual Representation: A Reference Guide, Volume 3'' (book) ) by Joseph W. Slade.〕〔(''Studies on Pornography and Sex Crimes in Denmark'' (1970) ) by Berl Kutchinsky.〕 ==Sexual function and addiction== In males, the most immediate effect of pornography is "large increase in total sexual outlets the same day () attributed to masturbation" with most "of them found the experience moderately sexually arousing, enjoyable, and generally pleasant, but some reported being disgusted, ashamed, and shocked." Pornography addiction is a purported〔 behavioral addiction characterized by compulsive, repeated use of pornographic material until it causes serious negative consequences to one's physical, mental, social, and/or financial well-being. There is no diagnosis of pornography addiction in the current ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (the DSM-5).〔 The DSM-5 considers such diagnosis and rejects it because "there is insufficient peer-reviewed evidence to establish the diagnostic criteria and course descriptions needed to identify these behaviors as mental disorders."〔 A 2014 review, found that high-frequency use of visual sexual stimuli "fails to meet standards of addiction", e.g. because it can reduce unhealthy behaviors.〔 Scientists do, however, state that excessive pornography viewing can be unhealthy if it becomes problematic for an individual due to personal or social reasons, including excessive time spent viewing pornography instead of interacting with others. Individuals may report depression, social isolation, career loss, decreased productivity, or financial consequences as a result of their excessive Internet pornography viewing impeding on their social life. In a 2014 American Psychological Association (APA) article, Kirsten Weir stated, "It's not clear, however, whether pornography is the proverbial chicken or the egg. Does a person turn to pornography because he's already in an unsatisfying relationship? Or do women pull away and lose interest in sex when they discover their partner is spending quality time with adult film stars?"〔Kirsten Weir, (Is pornography addictive? ) APA Monitor, April 2014, Vol 45, No. 4. Print version: page 46.〕 Despite little evidence in the research literature for the existence of pornography addiction, an academic review notes that a large, lucrative industry promises treatments for "pornography addiction", which is alleged to have an attendant risk of erectile dysfunction. On the other hand, there are reports of clinical experience that men who watch large amounts of porn come to need more stimulation and aggressive porn in order to become sexually aroused.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Effects of pornography」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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